American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. Vocal cord paralysis: Anatomy, imaging and pathology. Aspiration that leads to severe pneumonia is rare but serious and requires immediate medical care. People with certain neurological conditions - such as Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis - are more likely to develop vocal cord weakness or paralysis.īreathing problems associated with vocal cord paralysis may be so mild that you just have a hoarse-sounding voice, or they can be so serious that they're life-threatening.īecause vocal cord paralysis keeps the opening to the airway from completely opening or closing, other complications may include choking on or inhaling (aspirating) food or liquid. Sometimes the breathing tubes used in surgery or to help you breathe if you're having serious respiratory trouble can damage the vocal cord nerves. People who need surgery on their thyroid, throat or upper chest have an increased risk of vocal cord nerve damage. Certain neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease, can lead to vocal cord paralysis.įactors that may increase your risk of developing vocal cord paralysis include: There's some evidence that infection with COVID-19 may cause vocal cord paralysis. Some infections, such as Lyme disease, Epstein-Barr virus and herpes, can cause inflammation and directly damage the nerves in the voice box. Tumors, both cancerous and noncancerous, can grow in or around the muscles, cartilage or nerves controlling the function of the voice box and can cause vocal cord paralysis. A stroke interrupts blood flow in the brain and may damage the part of the brain that sends messages to the voice box. Trauma to the neck or chest may injure the nerves that serve the vocal cords or the voice box itself. Surgeries that carry a risk of damage include surgeries to the thyroid or parathyroid glands, esophagus, neck, and chest. Surgery on or near the neck or upper chest can result in damage to the nerves that serve the voice box. Injury to the vocal cord during surgery.Health care providers often can't determine the exact cause of vocal cord paralysis. In vocal cord paralysis, the nerve impulses to your voice box (larynx) are disrupted, causing paralysis of the muscle. If you have unexplained hoarseness that lasts for more than 2 to 4 weeks, or if you notice any unexplained voice changes or discomfort, contact your health care provider. The need to take frequent breaths while speaking.Choking or coughing while swallowing food, drink or saliva.Signs and symptoms of vocal cord paralysis may include: This can cause difficulties with speech and significant problems with breathing and swallowing. Paralysis of both of your vocal cords is a rare but serious condition. In most cases of vocal cord paralysis, only one vocal cord is paralyzed. The rest of the time, the vocal cords are relaxed in an open position so that you can breathe. When you speak, the bands come together and vibrate to make sound. Your vocal cords are two flexible bands of muscle tissue that sit at the entrance to the windpipe (trachea). Vocal cords open when you breathe and then close to produce sound when vibrating together.
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